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Lidocaine

Summary

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic used in a broad variety of superficial and invasive procedures.

Brand Names

Agoneaze, Akten, Anestacon, Anodyne Lpt, Astero, Rough-and-tumble Hurt-free, Cathejell, Curacaine, Depo-medrol With Lidocaine, Dermacinrx Lido Five Pak, Dermacinrx Phn Pak, Dermacinrx Prikaan, Emla, Fortacin, Glydo, Instillagel, Kenalog, Lido Bdk, Lido-prilo Caine Pack, Lidodan, Lidoderm, Lidopac, Lidopril, Lidopro, Lidothol, Lidotral, Lignospan, Marcaine, Max-freeze, Medi-derm With Lidocaine, Neo-bex, Octocaine, Octocaine With Epinephrine, Oraqix, P-care, P-care X, Pliaglis, Prilolid, Prizotral, Procomycin, Readysharp Anesthetics Plus Ketorolac, Readysharp-A, Readysharp-p40, Readysharp-p80, Relador, Synera, Triple Antibody, Venipuncture Px1, Viadur, Xylocaine, Xylocaine With Epinephrine, Xylocard, Xylonor, Zingo, Ztlido

Generic Name

Lidocaine

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00281

Background

Always since its discovery and availability for sale and apply in the late 1940s, lidocaine has get an exceptionally commonly used medication ⁶. In particular, lidocaine'due south principal way of activeness in interim every bit a local coldhearted that numbs the sensations of tissues ways the agent is indicated for facilitating local anesthesia for a large variety of surgical procedures ^10,7,viii. Information technology ultimately elicits its numbing activity by blocking sodium channels so that the neurons of local tissues that have the medication applied on are transiently incapable of signaling the brain regarding sensations ^10,7,8. In doing and so, withal, it tin can block or decrease muscle contractile, resulting in effects like vasodilation, hypotension, and irregular heart charge per unit, among others ^10,7,8. Every bit a result, lidocaine is also considered a course Ib anti-arrhythmic amanuensis ^seven,8,12. Nevertheless, lidocaine'due south local coldhearted action sees its apply in many medical situations or circumstances that may benefit from its activeness, including the treatment of premature ejaculation ⁵.

Regardless, lidocaine is currently available equally a relatively not-expensive generic medication that is written for in millions of prescriptions internationally on a yearly ground. It is even included in the Earth Health Organisation'due south List of Essential Medicines ⁹.

Type

Pocket-sized Molecule

Groups

Canonical, Vet approved

Construction

Weight

Average: 234.3373
Monoisotopic: 234.173213336

Chemic Formula

C₁₄H₂₂N₂O

Synonyms

• 2-(Diethylamino)-two',6'-acetoxylidide
• 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(two,vi-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
• alpha-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide
• Lidocaína
• Lidocaina
• Lidocaine
• Lidocainum
• Lignocaine
• α-diethylamino-2,half dozen-dimethylacetanilide

External IDs

• ALGRX 3268
• ALGRX-3268
• LSM-3165
• NSC-40030

Indication

Lidocaine is an coldhearted of the amide grouping indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such every bit brachial plexus and intercostal and past central neural techniques such equally lumbar and caudal epidural blocks ^10,7.

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Associated Atmospheric condition

• Astute Otitis Media (AOM)
• Anorectal discomfort
• Arrhythmia
• Back Pain Lower Dorsum
• Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
• Burns
• Cervical Syndrome
• Earache
• Crevice;Anal
• Haemorrhoids
• Infection
• Inflammatory Reaction acquired by ear infection-not otherwise specified
• Insect Bites
• Joint Pain
• Mixed Vaginal Infections
• Multiple Myeloma (MM)
• Myringitis
• Neuritis
• Osteolysis caused past Bone Tumors
• Osteoporosis
• Otitis Externa
• Pain caused by ear infection-not otherwise specified
• Pain, Inflammatory
• Postherpetic Neuralgia
• Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
• Rheumatic Diseases
• Rheumatic Joint Disease
• Sciatica
• Skin Irritation
• Soft Tissue Inflammation
• Sore Pharynx
• Sunburn
• Susceptible infections
• Trichomonas Vaginitis
• Ulcers, Leg
• Urethral Strictures
• Ventricular Arrhythmia
• Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
• Abrasions
• Anal discomfort
• Cutaneous lesions
• Gum pain
• Small burns
• Superficial Wounds
• Susceptible Bacterial Infections
• Ulceration of the oral cavity
• Viral infections of the external ear canal

Associated Therapies

• Post Myocardial Infarction Treatment
• Regional Anesthesia
• Local anesthesia therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Excessive blood levels of lidocaine can crusade changes in cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure ^x,vii. With central neural blockade these changes may be attributable to the block of autonomic fibers, a direct depressant issue of the local anesthetic amanuensis on various components of the cardiovascular system, and/or the beta-adrenergic receptor stimulating action of epinephrine when present ^10,7. The net effect is ordinarily a modest hypotension when the recommended dosages are not exceeded ^10,7.

In item, such cardiac effects are probable associated with the master issue that lidocaine elicits when it binds and blocks sodium channels, inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of electrical action potential impulses necessary to facilitate muscle contraction ^10,vii,8. Subsequently, in cardiac myocytes, lidocaine can potentially block or otherwise slow the ascent of cardiac activeness potentials and their associated cardiac myocyte contractions, resulting in possible furnishings like hypotension, bradycardia, myocardial depression, cardiac arrhythmias, and perhaps cardiac arrest or circulatory collapse ^10,7,8.

Moreover, lidocaine possesses a dissociation constant (pKa) of vii.7 and is considered a weak base ^eight. As a upshot, virtually 25% of lidocaine molecules will exist un-ionized and available at the physiological pH of vii.4 to translocate within nervus cells, which means lidocaine elicits an onset of action more rapidly than other local anesthetics that have college pKa values ⁸. This rapid onset of action is demonstrated in about ane minute following intravenous injection and fifteen minutes following intramuscular injection ⁷. The administered lidocaine subsequently spreads chop-chop through the surrounding tissues and the anesthetic effect lasts approximately ten to 20 minutes when given intravenously and about threescore to ninety minutes after intramuscular injection ⁷.

Nevertheless, information technology appears that the efficacy of lidocaine may exist minimized in the presence of inflammation ⁸. This event could be due to acidosis decreasing the amount of un-ionized lidocaine molecules, a more rapid reduction in lidocaine concentration as a result of increased blood menses, or potentially likewise because of increased product of inflammatory mediators like peroxynitrite that arm-twist direct actions on sodium channels ⁸.

Mechanism of action

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type ^10,7,eight. Information technology is used to provide local anesthesia past nerve blockade at various sites in the torso ^10,seven,8. Information technology does and then by stabilizing the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic activity ^10,7,8. In particular, the lidocaine amanuensis acts on sodium ion channels located on the internal surface of nerve jail cell membranes ^10,7,8. At these channels, neutral uncharged lidocaine molecules diffuse through neural sheaths into the axoplasm where they are subsequently ionized past joining with hydrogen ions ^x,vii,8. The resultant lidocaine cations are and then capable of reversibly binding the sodium channels from the inside, keeping them locked in an open up state that prevents nerve depolarization ^10,7,8. As a outcome, with sufficient blockage, the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will ultimately not depolarize and will thus neglect to transmit an action potential ^x,7,eight. This facilitates an anesthetic effect by non merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain just by aborting their generation in the first place ^10,vii,viii.

In add-on to blocking conduction in nerve axons in the peripheral nervous arrangement, lidocaine has important effects on the cardinal nervous organisation and cardiovascular system ^10,7,8. Subsequently assimilation, lidocaine may crusade stimulation of the CNS followed by depression and in the cardiovascular system, it acts primarily on the myocardium where it may produce decreases in electrical excitability, conduction charge per unit, and force of wrinkle ^10,7,8.

Target	Actions	Organism
ASodium channel protein blazon x subunit blastoff	inhibitor	Humans
ASodium channel protein type ix subunit alpha	inhibitor	Humans
ASodium channel poly peptide type 5 subunit alpha	inhibitor	Humans
UEpidermal growth gene receptor	antagonist	Humans
USodium channel protein type four subunit alpha	Not Available	Humans
UAlpha-one-acid glycoprotein 1	Not Available	Humans
UBlastoff-1-acrid glycoprotein 2	Not Available	Humans

Absorption

In general, lidocaine is readily absorbed across mucous membranes and damaged peel but poorly through intact skin ¹². The agent is quickly absorbed from the upper airway, tracheobronchial tree, and alveoli into the bloodstream ¹². And although lidocaine is as well well absorbed across the alimentary canal the oral bioavailability is only about 35% as a result of a high caste of showtime-pass metabolism ¹². After injection into tissues, lidocaine is besides rapidly absorbed and the assimilation rate is afflicted by both vascularity and the presence of tissue and fat capable of bounden lidocaine in the particular tissues ¹².

The concentration of lidocaine in the blood is later affected by a multifariousness of aspects, including its rate of absorption from the site of injection, the charge per unit of tissue distribution, and the rate of metabolism and excretion ^10,7,8. Subsequently, the systemic absorption of lidocaine is determined past the site of injection, the dosage given, and its pharmacological profile ^10,7,8. The maximum claret concentration occurs following intercostal nerve blockade followed in order of decreasing concentration, the lumbar epidural space, brachial plexus site, and subcutaneous tissue ^10,7,eight. The total dose injected regardless of the site is the main determinant of the absorption rate and blood levels achieved ^10,seven,8. There is a linear relationship between the amount of lidocaine injected and the resultant meridian anesthetic blood levels ^x,7,8.

Nevertheless, it has been observed that lidocaine hydrochloride is completely absorbed post-obit parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending also on lipid solubility and the presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor agent ^x,7,eight. Except for intravascular assistants, the highest blood levels are obtained following intercostal nerve cake and the lowest after subcutaneous administration ^ten,7,viii.

Additionally, lidocaine crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers, presumably by passive diffusion ^ten.

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution determined for lidocaine is 0.vii to 1.5 50/kg ^viii.

In particular, lidocaine is distributed throughout the total body water ⁷. Its rate of disappearance from the blood tin can exist described by a two or possibly even three-compartment model ^vii. There is a rapid disappearance (alpha stage) which is believed to exist related to uptake by apace equilibrating tissues (tissues with high vascular perfusion, for example) ⁷. The slower stage is related to distribution to slowly equilibrating tissues (beta phase) and to its metabolism and excretion (gamma phase) ^seven.

Lidocaine'due south distribution is ultimately throughout all body tissues ^seven. In full general, the more highly perfused organs will prove higher concentrations of the agent ⁷. The highest percentage of this drug will exist plant in skeletal muscle, mainly due to the mass of muscle rather than an affinity ⁷.

Protein binding

The protein binding recorded for lidocaine is virtually sixty to 80% and is dependent upon the plasma concentration of alpha-1-acrid glycoprotein ^10,viii. Such percent poly peptide binding bestows lidocaine with a medium duration of activeness when placed in comparing to other local anesthetic agents ⁸.

Metabolism

Lidocaine is metabolized predominantly and apace by the liver, and metabolites and unchanged drug are excreted past the kidneys ^10,7. Biotransformation includes oxidative N-dealkylation, ring hydroxylation, cleavage of the amide linkage, and conjugation ^10,vii. N-dealkylation, a major pathway of biotransformation, yields the metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide ^10,7. The pharmacological/toxicological actions of these metabolites are like to, merely less stiff than, those of lidocaine HCl ^10,seven. Approximately 90% of lidocaine HCl administered is excreted in the form of various metabolites, and less than ten% is excreted unchanged ^ten,7. The primary metabolite in urine is a cohabit of 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylaniline ^10,7.

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Road of elimination

The excretion of unchanged lidocaine and its metabolites occurs predominantly via the kidney with less than five% in the unchanged class appearing in the urine ^x,7. The renal clearance is inversely related to its protein binding affinity and the pH of the urine ⁷. This suggests past the latter that excretion of lidocaine occurs by non-ionic improvidence ⁷.

Half-life

The elimination half-life of lidocaine hydrochloride following an intravenous bolus injection is typically 1.5 to 2.0 hours ¹⁰. Considering of the rapid rate at which lidocaine hydrochloride is metabolized, any condition that affects liver function may alter lidocaine HCl kinetics ¹⁰. The one-half-life may be prolonged two-fold or more in patients with liver dysfunction ¹⁰.

Clearance

The mean systemic clearance observed for intravenously administered lidocaine in a study of 15 adults was approximately 0.64 +/- 0.18 L/min ¹¹.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose and/or astute systemic toxicity involves fundamental nervous organisation toxicity that presents with symptoms of increasing severity ⁷. Patients may nowadays initially with circumoral paraesthesia, numbness of the tongue, light-headedness, hyperacusis, and tinnitus ^vii. Visual disturbance and muscular tremors or muscle twitching are more than serious and precede the onset of generalized convulsions ⁷. These signs must not be mistaken for neurotic behavior ^vii. Unconsciousness and grand mal convulsions may follow, which may terminal from a few seconds to several minutes ⁷. Hypoxia and hypercapnia occur rapidly following convulsions due to increased muscular activity, together with the interference with normal respiration and loss of the airway ⁷. In astringent cases, apnoea may occur. Acidosis increases the toxic effects of local anesthetics ^vii. Furnishings on the cardiovascular system may be seen in astringent cases ⁷. Hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest may occur as a issue of high systemic concentrations, with potentially fatal outcome ⁷.

Pregnancy Category B has been established for the employ of lidocaine in pregnancy, although in that location are no formal, adequate, and well-controlled studies in pregnant women ¹⁰. General consideration should be given to this fact before administering lidocaine to women of childbearing potential, especially during early pregnancy when maximum organogenesis takes place ¹⁰. Ultimately, although animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, lidocaine should not be administered during early pregnancy unless the benefits are considered to outweigh the risks ^vii. Lidocaine readily crosses the placental barrier later on epidural or intravenous assistants to the mother ⁷. The ratio of umbilical to maternal venous concentration is 0.5 to 0.six ^vii. The fetus appears to be capable of metabolizing lidocaine at term ⁷. The elimination one-half-life in the newborn of the drug received in utero is nearly three hours, compared with 100 minutes in the adult ⁷. Elevated lidocaine levels may persist in the newborn for at to the lowest degree 48 hours subsequently commitment ⁷. Fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, neonatal bradycardia, hypotonia or respiratory depression may occur ⁷.

Local anesthetics chop-chop cross the placenta and when used for epidural, paracervical, pudendal or caudal block anesthesia, can cause varying degrees of maternal, fetal and neonatal toxicity ^x. The potential for toxicity depends upon the procedure performed, the type and amount of drug used, and the technique of drug administration ^x. Adverse reactions in the parturient, fetus and neonate involve alterations of the central nervous arrangement, peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac part ^x.

Maternal hypotension has resulted from regional anesthesia ^x. Local anesthetics produce vasodilation past blocking sympathetic nerves ^ten. Elevating the patient'southward legs and positioning her on her left side will help preclude decreases in claret pressure ^ten. The fetal heart charge per unit too should be monitored continuously, and electronic fetal monitoring is highly advisable ^x.

Epidural, spinal, paracervical, or pudendal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or maternal expulsive efforts ^ten. In one written report, paracervical cake anesthesia was associated with a decrease in the mean elapsing of first phase labor and facilitation of cervical dilation ^ten. Withal, spinal and epidural anesthesia take also been reported to prolong the second stage of labor by removing the parturient's reflex urge to comport down or by interfering with motor function ¹⁰. The apply of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance ¹⁰.

The use of some local anesthetic drug products during labor and delivery may be followed by diminished musculus strength and tone for the first day or two of life ¹⁰. The long-term significance of these observations is unknown ^ten. Fetal bradycardia may occur in 20 to 30 percent of patients receiving paracervical nerve block anesthesia with the amide-blazon local anesthetics and may be associated with fetal acidosis ¹⁰. Fetal heart rate should ever be monitored during paracervical anesthesia ^ten. The physician should weigh the possible advantages against risks when considering a paracervical block in prematurity, toxemia of pregnancy, and fetal distress ¹⁰. Careful adherence to the recommended dosage is of the utmost importance in obstetrical paracervical block ^x. Failure to achieve adequate analgesia with recommended doses should agitate suspicion of intravascular or fetal intracranial injection ^x. Cases uniform with unintended fetal intracranial injection of local anesthetic solution accept been reported following intended paracervical or pudendal block or both. Babies so affected present with unexplained neonatal low at nascency, which correlates with high local anesthetic serum levels, and often manifest seizures within half dozen hours ¹⁰. Prompt employ of supportive measures combined with forced urinary excretion of the local anesthetic has been used successfully to manage this complication ^x.

Information technology is non known whether this drug is excreted in human milk ¹⁰. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should exist exercised when lidocaine is administered to a nursing woman ^ten.

Dosages in children should exist reduced, commensurate with age, trunk weight and physical condition ¹⁰.

The oral LD 50 of lidocaine HCl in non-fasted female rats is 459 (346-773) mg/kg (equally the common salt) and 214 (159-324) mg/kg (as the salt) in fasted female rats ¹⁰.

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Lidocaine (Antiarrhythmic) Activeness Pathway	Drug activeness
Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Action Pathway	Drug activity
Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Metabolism Pathway	Drug metabolism

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Bachelor

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the assist of a healthcare provider. If y'all believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions be.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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i,2-Benzodiazepine	The gamble or severity of adverse effects tin exist increased when Lidocaine is combined with one,two-Benzodiazepine.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Lidocaine tin be increased when information technology is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Lidocaine can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abiraterone	The serum concentration of Lidocaine can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Lidocaine can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acebutolol	The serum concentration of Lidocaine can be increased when it is combined with Acebutolol.
Acenocoumarol	The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Lidocaine.
Acetaminophen	The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetaminophen.
Acetazolamide	The adventure or severity of agin furnishings tin be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetazolamide.
Acetophenazine	The take a chance or severity of adverse effects tin can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetophenazine.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Drug product information from ten+ global regions

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dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing menstruum.

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Lidocaine hydrochloride	V13007Z41A	6108-05-0	YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Lidocaine hydrochloride anhydrous	EC2CNF7XFP	73-78-ix	IYBQHJMYDGVZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International/Other Brands

After Burn down Double Strength Gel / After Burn down Double Forcefulness Spray / After Burn Gel / After Burn Spray / Alphacaine / Anestacon Jelly / DermaFlex / Dilocaine / Esracaine / L-Caine / Lidoject-1 / Lidoject-2 / LidoPain SP / Norwood Sunburn Spray / Xilocaina / Xylocaine

Make Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Outset	Marketing End	Region	Image
Accucaine	Injection, solution	ten mg/1mL	Infiltration	Asclemed U.s., Inc.	2016-02-01	Non applicable
Akten	Gel	35 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Akorn	2008-x-08	Non applicable
Ambator Lidocaine Patch	Patch	1 g/10g	Topical	7T Pharma LLC	2017-12-15	2018-03-29
Amniocentesis Tray i%	Liquid	1 % / kit	Infiltration; Subcutaneous	Fidelity Healthcare Corporation	1992-12-31	2000-07-31
Anesthetic	Gel	5 g/100g	Topical	Cosmoceutical Enquiry Heart Inc	2012-02-18	2019-02-05
Antecubital Cent Venous Catheterization Kit	Liquid	i % / kit	Epidural	Arrow International	1991-12-31	1999-07-02
Apicaine-Ten	Ointment	0.05 thou/1g	Topical	Medicap Laboratories Inc.	2015-12-12	2016-02-17
Arthrogram Tray 1%	Liquid	one % / kit	Intra-articular	Allegiance Healthcare Corporation	1992-12-31	2000-07-31
Astero	Gel	40 mg/1g	Topical	Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Care Products LLC	2016-05-01	2019-03-07
Astero	Gel	twoscore mg/1g	Topical	All Pharma, Llc	2016-12-01	2016-12-01

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing Stop	Region	Image
1% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	ten mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Conquering Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-13	Not applicable
i% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	ten mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-xiii	Not applicable
two% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Conquering Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2018-x-22	Not applicable
2% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Hf Acquisition Co. Llc, Dba Wellness Beginning	2018-08-25	Not applicable
2% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-13	Not applicable
Anestacon	Jelly	20 mg/1mL	Topical	Hi Tech Pharmacal Co., Inc.	2001-eleven-05	Not applicable
Dermalid	Kit	50 mg/1g	Topical	Primary Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2019-03-17	Non applicable
Glydo	Jelly	twenty mg/1mL	Topical	Sagent Pharmaceuticals	2014-09-fifteen	Not applicable
Laryng-O-Jet	Solution	forty mg/1mL	Topical	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	1980-03-06	2010-09-09
Lidenzal 1%	Injection, solution	10 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	It3 Medical Llc	2017-03-01	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
iv Lidocaine Topical Anesthetic	Foam	40 mg/1g	Topical	RUGBY LABORATORIES	2020-04-xxx	Non applicable
4019 First Aid Kit	Kit	2 g/100g	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc.	2018-ten-thirteen	Non applicable
4043 First Aid Kit	Kit	two yard/100g	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-11-21	2019-10-eighteen
vii-Select Afterwards Sunday Lidicaine HCl Pain-Relieving with Aloe Vera	Gel	five mg/1g	Topical	7-11	2019-02-21	Not applicable
Absorbine jr. Lidocaine	Patch	246 mg/1	Topical	Clarion Brands, Llc	2017-01-01	Not applicative
Advanced NUMB Topical Anesthetic	Cream	50 mg/1g	Topical	Uber Scientific, Llc	2018-04-20	Not applicative
Advanced Seal Barrier plus Pain Relief	Spray	20 mg/1mL	Topical	Kericure Inc.	2020-04-10	Not applicative
Afassco Burn Gel	Gel	70 mg/3.5g	Topical	Afassco Inc.	2019-08-25	Not applicable
After Burn	Gel	25 mg/1mL	Topical	Tender Corporation	2011-04-12	2020-09-30
Later Burn	Gel	25 mg/1mL	Topical	Adventure Ready Brands	2020-09-01	Non applicable

Mixture Products

Proper noun	Ingredients	Dosage	Road	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing Cease	Region	Image
% 0,4 LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.Five. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.4 %) + Dextrose, unspecified class (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-xiv	Not applicative
% 0,4 LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.4 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicative
% 0,four LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.Five. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 500 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.iv %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
% 0,four LIDODEKS %five DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 500 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.4 %) + Dextrose, unspecified grade (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
% 0,8 LIDODEKS %v DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.8 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
% 0,eight LIDODEKS %v DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.eight %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
0.four% Lidocaine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection	Lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg / mL) + Dextrose, unspecified class (50 mg / mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Baxter Laboratories	1990-12-31	Not applicable
0.4% Lidocaine Hydrochloride and five% Dextrose Injection USP	Lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg / mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (50 mg / mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Hospira Healthcare Ulc	1983-12-31	2019-04-12
10 Person ANSI	Lidocaine (0.5 1/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.xiii g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.forty mL/100mL) + Benzocaine (half-dozen mL/100mL) + Ethanol (60 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Neomycin sulfate (5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Genuine Get-go Aid	2010-04-24	Not applicable
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine four%	Lidocaine (4 g/1) + Capsaicin (0.025 g/ane) + Menthol (5 one thousand/i) + Methyl salicylate (20 g/1)	Patch	Topical	1ST MEDX LLC	2018-03-fifteen	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Road	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing Stop	Region	Prototype
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine 4%-rx	Lidocaine (iv i/ane) + Capsaicin (0.0375 1/1) + Menthol (five 1/1) + Methyl salicylate (twenty 1/1)	Patch	Topical	Direct Rx	2020-x-14	Not applicable
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine 4%-rx	Lidocaine (4 g/1) + Capsaicin (0.0375 grand/one) + Menthol (v k/one) + Methyl salicylate (20 g/one)	Patch	Topical	1ST MEDX LLC	2018-03-15	Non applicable
4007 First Assist Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL) + Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products The states, Inc.	2018-09-12	Not applicable
4013 Offset Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL) + Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Rubber Products Us, Inc.	2018-09-12	Non applicable
4017 First Assistance Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 thou/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/one) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.xiii k/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (three.5 mg/1g) + H2o (98.vi mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Rubber Products The states, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicable
4017 Start Assist Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/i) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.thirteen m/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (one.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (iii.5 mg/1g) + H2o (98.six mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Prophylactic Products United states, Inc	2018-x-xviii	Non applicative
4019 Starting time Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 1000/100g)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products U.s., Inc.	2018-ten-13	Not applicative
4022 First Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 k/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (ane.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.six mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Rubber Products USA, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicable
4022 First Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.v thou/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.xiii g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (one.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.five mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Safety Products United states, Inc	2018-ten-18	Not applicable
4032 Outset Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 yard/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (ane.three mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.half dozen mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical	Honeywell Condom Products USA, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicative

ATC Codes

S01HA07 — Lidocaine

• S01HA — Local anesthetics
• S01H — LOCAL ANESTHETICS
• S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
• South — SENSORY ORGANS

D04AB01 — Lidocaine

• D04AB — Anesthetics for topical utilise
• D04A — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
• D04 — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
• D — DERMATOLOGICALS

R02AD02 — Lidocaine

• R02AD — Anesthetics, local
• R02A — THROAT PREPARATIONS
• R02 — THROAT PREPARATIONS
• R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

C01BB01 — Lidocaine

• C01BB — Antiarrhythmics, form Ib
• C01B — ANTIARRHYTHMICS, CLASS I AND Three
• C01 — CARDIAC THERAPY
• C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

S02DA01 — Lidocaine

• S02DA — Analgesics and anesthetics
• S02D — OTHER OTOLOGICALS
• S02 — OTOLOGICALS
• Southward — SENSORY ORGANS

N01BB52 — Lidocaine, combinations

• N01BB — Amides
• N01B — ANESTHETICS, LOCAL
• N01 — ANESTHETICS
• N — NERVOUS SYSTEM

C05AD01 — Lidocaine

• C05AD — Local anesthetics
• C05A — AGENTS FOR Treatment OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE
• C05 — VASOPROTECTIVES
• C — CARDIOVASCULAR Organisation

N01BB02 — Lidocaine

• N01BB — Amides
• N01B — ANESTHETICS, LOCAL
• N01 — ANESTHETICS
• N — NERVOUS Organization

Drug Categories

• Agents for Treatment of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures for Topical Utilize
• Agents that reduce seizure threshold
• Amides
• Amines
• Analgesics and Anesthetics
• Anesthetics
• Anesthetics for Topical Use
• Anesthetics, Local
• Anilides
• Aniline Compounds
• Antiarrhythmic agents
• Antiarrhythmics, Form I
• Antiarrhythmics, Grade Ib
• Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
• Antipruritics, Incl. Antihistamines, Anesthetics, Etc.
• Cardiac Therapy
• Cardiovascular Agents
• Central Nervous Organisation Agents
• Central Nervous System Depressants
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (moderate)
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C18 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
• Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
• Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
• Dermatologicals
• Local Anesthesia
• Local Anesthetics (Amide)
• Membrane Transport Modulators
• Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
• Nervous System
• Neuraxial Anesthetics
• Ophthalmologicals
• Otologicals
• P-glycoprotein inhibitors
• Peripheral Nervous Organisation Agents
• Sensory System Agents
• Sodium Channel Blockers
• Throat Preparations
• Vasoprotectives
• Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers

Chemic TaxonomyProvided past Classyfire

Description

This chemical compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as one thousand-xylenes. These are aromatic compounds that incorporate a chiliad-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the ane- and 3-positions.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Xylenes

Direct Parent

m-Xylenes

Alternative Parents

Trialkylamines / Propargyl-type one,three-dipolar organic compounds / Carboximidic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives

Substituents

Amine / Effluvious homomonocyclic compound / Carboximidic acrid / Carboximidic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / M-xylene / Organic 1,three-dipolar compound / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound

Molecular Framework

Effluvious homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tertiary amino compound, monocarboxylic acrid amide, benzenes (CHEBI:6456)

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

UNII

98PI200987

CAS number

137-58-6

InChI Cardinal

NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-Northward

InChI

InChI=1S/C14H22N2O/c1-five-16(6-two)10-13(17)15-14-eleven(3)8-7-ix-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-vi,10H2,ane-4H3,(H,15,17)

IUPAC Name

2-(diethylamino)-N-(ii,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide

SMILES

CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C

Synthesis Reference

US2441498A

General References

1. Khaliq West, Alam South, Puri N: Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 April 18;(ii):CD004846. [Article]
2. Thomson PD, Melmon KL, Richardson JA, Cohn Grand, Steinbrunn Westward, Cudihee R, Rowland M: Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in advanced heart failure, liver disease, and renal failure in humans. Ann Intern Med. 1973 April;78(four):499-508. [Article]
3. Geha PY, Baliki MN, Chialvo DR, Harden RN, Paice JA, Apkarian AV: Encephalon activity for spontaneous pain of postherpetic neuralgia and its modulation by lidocaine patch therapy. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(i-2):88-100. Epub 2006 Oct 25. [Article]
4. Hines R, Keaney D, Moskowitz MH, Prakken South: Use of lidocaine patch 5% for chronic depression dorsum pain: a study of 4 cases. Hurting Med. 2002 Dec;3(4):361-five. [Article]
5. Authors unspecified: Lidocaine/prilocaine spray for premature ejaculation. Drug Ther Bull. 2017 Apr;55(4):45-48. doi: ten.1136/dtb.2017.4.0469. [Article]
6. Scriabine, Alexander (2017). Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health.. Chemical Heritage Press.. [ISBN:9780941901215]
7. Electronic Medicines Compendium: Lidocaine i% w/five solution for injection Monograph [Link]
8. StatPearls Internet: Lidocaine Profile [Link]
9. World Health Organization Model Lists of Essential Medicines [Link]
10. Xylocaine (lidocaine HCl Injection, USP) FDA Label [File]
11. Academy of Virginia Children's Hospital: Employ of Lidocaine for Analgesia in Children and Adolescents, by Marcia L. Buck, Pharm.D., FCCP, FPPAG [File]
12. Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions affecting lidocaine past Mika Isohanni [File]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database

HMDB0014426

KEGG Drug

D00358

KEGG Compound

C07073

PubChem Compound

3676

PubChem Substance

46505060

ChemSpider

3548

BindingDB

50017662

RxNav

6387

ChEBI

6456

ChEMBL

CHEMBL79

ZINC

ZINC000000020237

Therapeutic Targets Database

DAP000121

PharmGKB

PA450226

Guide to Pharmacology

GtP Drug Folio

PDBe Ligand

LQZ

RxList

RxList Drug Folio

Drugs.com

Drugs.com Drug Page

Wikipedia

Lidocaine

PDB Entries

3jqz / 3ttr

FDA label

MSDS

Clinical Trials

Phase	Condition	Purpose	Weather	Count
iv	Active Non Recruiting	Handling	Pain, Radiating	1
4	Active Non Recruiting	Handling	Tinnitus	one
4	Active Not Recruiting	Handling	Varicosities of the great saphenous vein	ane
four	Completed	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Non Bachelor	Anaesthesia / Caudal epidural block therapy / Orthopaedic Disorders	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Neuromuscular Blockade	1
4	Completed	Non Available	Pain of Anesthesia at Breast Biopsy	1
4	Completed	Not Bachelor	Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)	1
4	Completed	Bones Scientific discipline	Dorsum Pain Lower Dorsum	one
4	Completed	Bones Science	Good for you Subjects (HS)	1

Manufacturers

• Astrazeneca lp
• Noven pharmaceuticals inc
• Carlisle laboratories inc
• Due east fougera div altana inc
• Graham chemical co
• Taro pharmaceuticals the states inc
• Teikoku pharma u.s.a. inc
• Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
• Abbott laboratories hosp products div
• Abraxis pharmaceutical products
• Akorn inc
• Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and disquisitional care
• Bel mar laboratories inc
• Dell laboratories inc
• Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
• Gd searle llc
• Hospira inc
• International medication systems ltd
• International medication organization
• Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
• Miles laboratories inc
• Watson laboratories inc
• Wyeth ayerst laboratories
• Baxter healthcare corp
• B braun medical inc
• App pharmaceuticals llc
• Meridian medical technologies inc
• Dentsply pharmaceutical
• Polymedica industries inc
• Teva pharmaceuticals the states
• Hi tech pharmacal co inc
• Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag
• Actavis mid atlantic llc
• Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
• Roxane laboratories inc
• Kendall co
• Paco research corp
• Anesiva inc

Packagers

• 4uOrtho LLC
• A. Aarons Inc.
• Actavis Group
• Aerospace Accessory Service Inc.
• Akorn Inc.
• Amend
• American Dental Cooperative Inc.
• American Regent
• Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
• APP Pharmaceuticals
• Aristos Pharmaceuticals
• A-S Medication Solutions LLC
• AstraZeneca Inc.
• Ato Zizine Sarl
• Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
• Avent Inc.
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• Baxter International Inc.
• Benco Dental Co.
• Blairex Labs
• Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
• Brookstone Pharmaceuticals
• C.O. Truxton Inc.
• Cardent International Inc.
• Cardinal Health
• Carestream Wellness Inc.
• Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
• Catalent Pharma Solutions
• Codman and Shurtleff Inc.
• Covidien LP
• Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
• Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
• Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• DENTSPLY International
• Dispensing Solutions
• Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
• Doak Dermatologics
• DSC Laboratories
• Eastward. Fougera and Co.
• Eastman Kodak Co. Dental Products
• Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Enterprises Importfab Inc.
• F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
• Fresca Gourmet Inc.
• Full general Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
• Groupe Parima Inc.
• H Meer Dental Supply Co.
• H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
• Henry Schein Inc.
• Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
• Hospira Inc.
• Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
• Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Kent Dental
• Klosterfrau Berlin GmbH
• Kylemore Pharmaceuticals
• Laboratorios Zeyco SA De CV
• Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
• Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Major Pharmaceuticals
• Marlop Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Martica Enterprises Inc.
• Mckesson Corp.
• Medical Components Inc.
• Medical Techniques LLC
• Merit Pharmaceuticals
• National Pharmaceuticals
• NeLLCor Puritan Bennett United mexican states SA De CV
• Nord Ost Corp.
• Noven Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Novocol Pharmaceutical Canada
• Nycomed Inc.
• Odan Laboratories Ltd.
• Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Patterson Dental Supply Inc.
• Pharmaderm
• Pharmedium
• Pharmedix
• Physicians Full Care Inc.
• Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Primedics Laboratories
• Puretek Corp.
• Qualitest
• Raz Co. Inc.
• Rebel Distributors Corp.
• Rising Pharmaceuticals
• River'southward Border Pharmaceuticals
• Roxane Labs
• S&P Healthcare
• Safco Dental Supply Co.
• Sandoz
• Septodont Inc.
• Sheffield Laboratories Div Faria Limited LLC
• Smiths Medical ASD Inc.
• Sonar Products Inc.
• Southwood Pharmaceuticals
• Stat Rx Usa
• Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
• Tech Group Tempe
• Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• Tri State Infirmary Supply Corp.
• Veratex Corp.
• Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Vyteris Inc.
• Wallach Surgical Devices Inc.
• Welch Allyn Inc.
• Wockhardt Ltd.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Intravenous
Kit	Topical	2 g/100g
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Liquid	Subarachnoid
Patch	Topical	246 mg/1
Gel	Topical	70 mg/3.5g
Gel	Topical	25 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical
Spray	Topical	1 % due west/w
Gel	Topical	1 % west/w
Liquid; spray	Topical	0.5 %
Gel	Topical	0.5 %
Gel	Topical	2.five m/100g
Gel	Ophthalmic	35 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	5 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	iv %
Ointment	Topical	4 thou/100mL
Swab	Topical	4 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.5 g/1g
Patch	Topical	ane k/10g
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous	i % / kit
Cream	Topical	4 mg/100g
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural
Gel	Topical	2 g/1mL
Solution / drops	Oral
Cream	Topical	4 % w/westward
Injection	Percutaneous
Aerosol, foam	Topical	4 g/100g
Foam	Topical	v g/100mL
Liquid	Epidural	1 % / kit
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Ointment	Topical	0.05 g/1g
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous
Kit; liquid	Intravenous
Liquid	Intravenous
Liquid	Intra-articular	1 % / kit
Cream	Topical	40 MG/G
Patch	Topical	411.4 mg/1
Lotion	Topical	4 g/100g
Patch	Topical	422 mg/i
Kit	Topical	4 g/100g
Implant	Intradermal	.3 %
Gel	Topical	4.1 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	4.81 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	v.05 mg/1mL
Kit	Oral; Topical
Patch	Topical; Transdermal
Gel	Topical	2 % w/w
Solution	Intramuscular	10 mg
Gel	Topical	0.7 %
Liquid	Topical	two %
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	960 mg/1
Lozenge	Oral	5 mg
Kit	Infiltration
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Perineural; Topical
Cream	Topical	2 %
Foam	Topical	two one thousand/100g
Cream	Topical	2.8 g/56g
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Topical
Patch	Topical	22 mg/1
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1
Spray	Topical	x mg/1mg
Oil	Topical
Liquid	Topical	3.4 g/68mL
Spray	Topical	20 mg/1L
Cream	Topical	2.25 %
Gel	Topical	2 g/100g
Jelly	Topical	xx mg / g
Gel	Topical	2.5 thousand/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	0.64 g/127g
Lotion	Topical	3 m/100g
Cream	Topical	3.ix 1000/100g
Foam	Topical	iii.9 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.4123 g/482.46g
Gel	Topical	0.72 %
Spray	Topical	.05 m/100g
Spray	Topical	0.5 g/100g
Gel	Topical	.5 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	200 g/1L
Spray	Topical	2.4 %
Gel	Topical	0.025 g/1g
Cream	Topical	ten mg/1g
Kit	Electro-osmosis
Cream	Topical	0.04 mg/1mg
Solution	Parenteral	0.036 1000
Gel	Topical	one.0 %
Gel	Topical	xx mg / g
Gel
Gel	Transmucosal
Gel
Patch	Topical	23 mg/i
Injection, pulverization, for solution	Intramuscular
Liquid	Subcutaneous
Liquid; ointment	Intravenous; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment	Infiltration; Parenteral; Subcutaneous; Topical
Kit	Intravenous
Spray	Nasal
Spray	Nasal	50 mg/ml
Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)
Liquid	Epidural; Infiltration; Subcutaneous
Patch	Topical	560 mg/1
Patch	Topical	40 mg/1g
Foam	Topical	4 thou/100mL
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1g
Foam	Topical	fifty mg/1g
Liquid	Topical
Gel	Topical	5 mg/1g
Rinse	Topical
Patch	Transdermal	567 mg/i
Kit	Transdermal
Patch	Transdermal	858 mg/1
Patch	Transdermal	40 mg/1
Gel	Topical	0.2 g
Gel	Buccal
Gel	Oral
Patch	Buccal	46.1 mg/1
Suspension	Intra-articular; Intrabursal
Solution	Topical	ten mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	50 mg/1g
Kit	Topical	50 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	38.8 mg/1g
Emulsion	Topical	6.72 thou/168g
Kit	Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intramuscular
Gel	Buccal; Oral	2 g
Solution	Parenteral	100 mg
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Subcutaneous; Topical
Cream	Topical	v thou
Solution
Foam	Topical	0.v g/10g
Cream	Topical	1.ii g/30g
Cream	Topical	1.5 g/30g
Cream	Topical	5 % due west/w
Cream	Topical	v yard/100g
Liquid	Topical	40 mg/1g
Spray	Topical	nine.6 %
Injection	Retrobulbar
Spray	Topical	10 mg/0.08mL
Gel	Oral
Gel	Oral	twenty mg/thou
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Soft tissue; Subcutaneous; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Solution / drops	Topical	4 g/100mL
Liquid	Auricular (otic)	4 g/100mL
Kit	Topical	2 g/100mL
Cream	Topical	twoscore mg/1mL
Injection, solution
Injection, solution	Intragingival
Spray	Oral
Injection	Dental	20 mg/ml
Spray	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	4 g/1mL
Spray	Topical	4.48 g/112g
Soap	Topical	2 g/50g
Cream	Cutaneous
Cream	Occlusive dressing technique
Plaster	Topical
Cream	Topical	25 mg/g
Patch	Transdermal
Gel	Topical	0.8 %
Liquid	Topical	4 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	8 mg/1g
Tablet	Vaginal
Kit; ointment; solution	Infiltration; Intravenous; Topical
Gel	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Spray	Topical	forty mg/1000mg
Cream	Topical	fifty mg/1000mg
Gel	Topical	50 mg/1000mg
Spray	Topical	l mg/1000mg
Injection
Cream	Topical	four mg/1mL
Liquid; spray	Topical
Spray	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	xx g/1000mL
Ointment	Topical
Kit	Oral
Solution	Auricular (otic); Topical
Spray	Cutaneous
Gel	Topical	x mg/1g
Spray	Topical	ten mg/1g
Kit	Cutaneous; Oral
Gel	Topical	2 %
Patch	Topical	490 mg/1
Lotion	Topical	three.v g/100g
Kit	Intra-amniotic
Aerosol	Topical	40 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	500 g/100000mg
Spray	Cutaneous	.50 g/100g
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Suppository	Vaginal
Cream	Topical	iv one thousand/1mL
Gel	Topical	3402 mg/85.05g
Balm	Topical	9068 mg/226.7g
Gel	Topical	2832 mg/70.8g
Spray	Topical	4 g/100g
Cream	Topical	5.0 % w/w
Foam	Topical	100 chiliad/100g
Gel	Topical	0.eight g/100g
Gel	Topical	0.eight % w/w
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	4 g/100g
Cream	Topical	45 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	1.4 g/28g
Soap	Topical
Soap	Topical	50 mg/1g
Injection, solution	Intra-articular
Liquid; ointment	Epidural; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Topical
Gel	Topical	0.5 % w/w
Spray	Topical	.50 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	.5 g/100mL
Gel	Urethral
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Intravenous; Topical
Solution	Topical	2 % due west/v
Solution	Parenteral	ii g
Injection, suspension, extended release
Gel; injection
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional
Kit	Intra-articular; Intramuscular
Balm	Topical	15 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	iv g/50g
Spray, metered	Topical	96 mg/1mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	1 %
Injection	Epidural; Intramuscular; Intraspinal; Intravenous; Parenteral
Injection	Subcutaneous	two %
Kit	Ophthalmic
Liquid	Endotracheal	forty mg / mL
Gel	Topical	4 mg/100mg
Gel	Topical	4 1000/4g
Lotion	Topical	thirty mg/1mL
Balm	Topical	xxx mg/177mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral
Spray	Topical
Injection	Parenteral	50 mg
Injection	Parenteral	x mg
Solution	Parenteral
Solution	Epidural; Intravenous	400 mg
Solution	Infiltration	20 mg
Solution	Infiltration	36 mg
Solution	Topical	ten m
Solution	Parenteral	500 mg
Solution	Intravenous	2 1000
Solution	Intradermal; Intravenous; Perineural; Subcutaneous	xx mg
Cream
Injection, solution	Parenteral	ten MG/ML
Injection, solution	Parenteral	20 MG/ML
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Cream	Buccal; Topical	5 g
Ointment	Rectal	50 MG/G
Gel	Topical	2 % due west/v
Gel	Topical	4 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous
Ointment	Topical	10 1/1
Ointment	Topical	2.5 thousand/50g
Ointment	Topical	35.44 chiliad/1g
Ointment	Topical	iv g/1
Ointment	Topical	5 g/100g
Ointment	Topical	50 mg/1g
Patch	Cutaneous	140 mg/ane
Patch	Cutaneous	50 mg/1
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	4 mg/1
Patch	Topical	four g/1g
Patch	Topical	4 chiliad/4g
Patch	Topical	fifty mg/1g
Suppository	Rectal	50 mg/ane
Ointment	Topical	15 1000/100g
Cream	Topical	0.03 k/1g
Ointment	Topical	30 k/100g
Foam	Topical	4.27 g/100g
Cream	Rectal; Topical	five k/100g
Patch	Topical	700 mg/i
Cream	Rectal; Topical	five.25 g/100g
Cream	Topical
Foam	Topical	0.iv g/1g
Cream	Topical	3 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	xxx mg/1g
Cream	Rectal; Topical
Ointment	Topical	four g/100g
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural
Lotion	Topical
Liquid	Epidural; Infiltration	10 mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	10 mg / mL
Liquid	Intravenous	20 mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	10 mg / mL
Gel	Topical	30 mg/1g
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	10 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	x mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	20 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	5 mg/1mL
Injection	Parenteral	xx mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Dental; Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	twenty mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	ten mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	xv mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	5 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Intravenous	five mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	ten mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	200 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Retrobulbar; Topical	40 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Retrobulbar; Topical; Transtracheal	40 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	200 mL/1L
Lotion	Topical	three g/100mL
Lotion	Topical	v.31 mL/177mL
Powder	Not applicable	1 g/1g
Solution	Intravenous	x mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	twoscore mg/1mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Oropharyngeal	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	xx mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	forty mg/1mL
Spray	Laryngeal; Transtracheal	20 mg/1mL
Spray	Laryngeal; Transtracheal	40 mg/1mL
Foam	Rectal
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Infiltration	two %
Solution	Parenteral	2 %
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	four mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intraspinal
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous	4 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	400 mg/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	8 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	800 mg/100mL
Injection, solution	Dental; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Epidural
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Infiltration
Gel	Rectal
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	ten mg / mL
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	20 mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	twenty mg / mL
Solution	Intravenous	xx mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	five mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	two %
Solution	Topical	4 % w/v
Gel	Oral	2 1000/100mL
Solution	Infiltration	1 % west/v
Solution	Infiltration	2 % west/v
Ointment	Topical	v % w/w
Ointment	Topical	5 thousand / 100 g
Patch	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Liquid	Topical	38 mg/1mL
Patch	Topical	344 mg/one
Patch	Transdermal	700 mg/1
Cream	Topical	39.2 mg/1mL
Patch	Topical	4 thousand/one
Patch	Topical	11 mg/1
Gel	Topical	0.ix g/30g
Spray	Topical	four.half-dozen g/115g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	2 %
Cream	Topical	ten g/100g
Solution	Topical	iv %
Spray, metered	Topical	ten mg / act
Jelly	Topical	20 mg / mL
Jelly	Topical	2 %
Ointment	Topical	5 %
Solution	Buccal	2 %
Injection, suspension	Parenteral
Patch	Cutaneous	fifty mg/1g
Patch	Cutaneous	700 mg/1
Patch	Cutaneous	700 mg/12h
Liquid	Cutaneous	700 mg/1000mg
Gel	Topical	iii mg/100mL
Injection, solution
Patch	Topical	22.7 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	25.3 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	25.eight mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	28.1 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	29 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	21.5 mg/0.24mg
Gel	Topical	28 mg/1g
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	20 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	iv g
Solution	Oral	x chiliad
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous
Injection	Intramuscular	300 mg/3mL
Cream	Topical	32.five mg/1g
Kit	Topical	5 grand/100g
Patch	Iontophoresis
Patch	Topical
Cream	Topical	37.v mg/1g
Cream	Topical	39.5 mg/1g
Kit	Non applicable
Gel	Topical	40 mg/1g
Injection
Solution	Intramuscular	20 mg
Solution	Intramuscular	10 mg
Spray	Topical	10 mg/0.1mL
Gel	Topical	twenty mg/thousand
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	x mg/ml
Injection	Intravenous	xx mg/ml
Plaster	Topical	0.700 g/plaster
Spray	Oral	x %W/V
Liquid	Infiltration
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	300 mg
Sheathing, coated	Oral	500 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	600 mg
Injection	Intramuscular
Gel	Topical	two.36 g/118mL
Spray, metered	Topical	10 mg/100mL
Injection	Intravascular; Intravenous
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
Gel	Topical
Gel	Topical	5 g/100g
Liquid	Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Injection	Parenteral	2 % W/V
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	200 mg/10ml
Spray, metered	Topical	nine.half dozen mg/100mL
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Topical
Spray	Topical	ii g/100mL
Cream	Topical	iv %
Cream	Topical	five %
Patch	Topical	xl mg/1
Lozenge	Oral
Tablet	Buccal; Oral
Spray	Topical	xl mg/1g
Kit	Oral	20 mg/1mL
Kit	Oral; Topical	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	5 g/100g
Spray	Topical	20 g/1L
Gel	Oral; Topical
Gel	Submucosal	0.05 % west/w
Cream; kit	Topical
Solution	Buccal; Oral	five.5 mg
Gel	Topical	0.04 g/1g
Lotion	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic; Topical
Suspension / drops	Auricular (otic)
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular
Liquid	Buccal
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Injection, pulverization, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intraocular
Liquid	Infiltration; Intraspinal; Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Liquid	Topical	twoscore mg/1000mg
Cream	Topical	0.04 g/28g
Liquid	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Solution	Buccal; Oral	0.55 g
Solution	Buccal; Oral	5.55 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Solution	Dental
Solution	Infiltration
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Gel	Topical	2 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	24.64 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	v mg/1g
Gel	Topical	one.12 g/28g
Foam	Topical	4 g/100g
Gel	Topical	50 mg/1mL
Foam	Topical	5 mg/30g
Cream	Topical	5 mg/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.04 mg/1mg
Stick	Topical
Gel	Topical	.v yard/100g
Injection	Dental	0.01 mg/mL
Liquid	Dental; Subcutaneous
Injection	Intramuscular	75 mg/2ml
Oil	Topical	viii mg/1mL
Paste	Submucosal	iii % w/w
Lotion	Oral
Lotion	Topical	0.five % w/5
Gel	Dental
Gel	Periodontal
Cream	Topical
Solution	Auricular (otic)
Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)
Suspension	Auricular (otic)
Liquid; ointment	Subcutaneous; Topical
Spray	Oral
Lozenge	Oral	five mg/1mg
Cream	Topical	0.04 m/40g
Lotion	Topical	40 mg/4mL
Cream	Topical	fifty mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	3.86 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	4 g/100mL
Patch	Topical	four k/100g
Patch	Topical	0.04 g/1g
Patch	Topical	0.3 thou/i
Gel	Topical	vii.128 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	7.thirteen mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	2.five g/50g
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
Gel	Topical	two mg/1g
Liquid	Intravenous	one %
Kit; ointment; solution	Infiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural	2 % w/v
Cream	Topical	41.2 mg/1g
Injection, solution	Intraocular; Ophthalmic
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
Solution	Parenteral	1 g
Liquid	Epidural; Intravenous
Foam	Cutaneous	7.00 % westward/w
Liquid	Dental	2 %
Kit	Infiltration; Soft tissue; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal
Spray	Topical	2.half dozen %
Spray	Topical	4 %
Solution	Topical	40 mg / mL
Gel	Buccal; Dental; Topical
Cream	Topical	400 mg/1mg
Patch	Topical	.005 mg/1g
Ointment	Topical	.005 mg/1g
Spray, metered	Topical	ix.6 g/100mL
Kit	Cutaneous; Topical
Ointment	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	10 grand/100g
Gel	Topical	0.5 one thousand/100g
Patch	Topical	240 mg/one
Liquid	Topical	0.five g/100g
Packing	Dental
Cream	Topical	2.5 %w/w
Lotion	Topical	10 mg/1g
Balm	Topical	2 g/100mL
Plaster	Transdermal
Patch	Topical	18 mg/116cm2
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular
Kit	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration
Cream	Topical	0.04 yard/1g
Foam	Topical	0.05 g/1g
Textile	Topical
Gel	Topical	twenty mg/1g
Gel	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Kit
Liquid	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	4 % w/w
Gel	Topical	4 g/100g
Gel	Topical	4 % west/w
Cream	Topical	two.24 g/56g
Solution	Intramuscular
Solution	Parenteral	10 mg
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	400 mg
Solution	Epidural	200 mg
Ointment	Topical	5 g
Solution	Parenteral	0.2 g
Spray	Topical	2 %
Solution	Topical	2 %
Foam	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Liquid	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Spray	Topical	1.1 g/12g
Patch	Topical	four g/100mL
Lotion	Topical	4 thousand/100mL
Gel	Topical	thirty mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	eleven.9 g/234.6g
Solution		2 %W/V
Gel	Topical	2.0 %
Gel	Topical	twoscore mg/1mL
Patch	Cutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	560 mg/14g
Liquid	Topical	125 mg/1mL
Kit	Topical
Gel	Topical	1 %
Spray	Topical	v mg/1g
Aerosol	Topical	0.5 %
Balm	Topical	0.5 %
Spray	Topical	4 m/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.057 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	seven.1258 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.50 % west/w
Foam	Topical	i %
Cream	Topical	0.5 k/100g
Ointment	Rectal
Kit	Infiltration; Topical
Liquid	Parenteral; Topical
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous
Kit	Infiltration	1 %
Spray	Topical	10 g/100mL
Spray, metered	Topical	9.6 %
Spray	Topical	96 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical
Tablet, coated
Swab	Topical
Lozenge	Oral	1.2 mg
Spray, metered	Topical	9.6 % w/w
Droplets	Topical	0.5 % w/westward
Gel	Topical	5.05 g/1g
Gel	Topical	one g/100g
Swab	Topical	1 %
Spray	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Patch	Cutaneous
Patch	Topical
Pulverization	Intravenous	30 mg
Ointment	Topical	ane.0 1000/100g
Ointment	Topical	0.5 thousand/100g
Liquid	Intrathoracic; Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Spray	Topical	10 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.36 g/59g
Spray	Topical	2.36 grand/59g
Gel	Topical	5 % due west/west
Gel	Topical	fifteen mg/1mL
Lozenge	Buccal	8 mg
Lozenge	Oral
Patch
Liquid	Topical	l mg/1mL
Cream
Suppository	Rectal
Spray	Topical	2.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	two.5 %
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	560 mg/1
Emulsion	Urethral
Kit	Topical	xl mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	2 % westward/w
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural	2 %
Patch	Topical	v %
Plaster	Transdermal
Patch	Topical; Transdermal	0.7 chiliad
Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical
Solution	Topical
Spray	Topical	0.five mg/100mg
Liquid	Topical	4 g/100g
Spray	Topical
Cream	Topical	1 %
Solution	Topical	ii % w/w
Solution	Topical	0.5 % westward/w
Spray	Topical	0.5 % westward/w
Solution
Injection, solution	Submucosal	0.0125 mg/ml
Cream	Topical	ii g/1mL
Kit	Cutaneous	l mg/1g
Injection	Parenteral
Injection, solution	Interstitial
Injection	Parenteral
Injection, solution	Interstitial	2 %
Injection	Submucosal	0.0125 mg/ml
Spray
Injection, solution	Epidural; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	two %
Ointment	Topical
Injection, solution		ii %
Injection, solution		20 MG/ML
Spray	Oral	ten %
Solution	Parenteral	20 mg
Solution	Topical	100 mg
Injection	Dental	20 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration
Injection	Infiltration	10 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	15 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	5 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	50 mg/1mL
Injection	Intravenous	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	5 mg/1mL
Jelly	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Liquid	Intraspinal
Liquid	Infiltration	v mg / mL
Solution	Epidural	15 mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	xx mg / mL
Solution	Epidural	20 mg / mL
Injection	Epidural; Perineural
Injection	Parenteral	two %
Solution	Epidural
Injection	Dental	0.0125 mg/ml
Liquid	Subarachnoid	l mg / mL
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	17.3 mg / mL
Injection	Intradermal	fifty mg/5ml
Gel	Topical	20 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	15 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	twenty mg/1mL
Liquid	Intraspinal; Percutaneous	1 %
Liquid	Percutaneous	one %
Solution	Retrobulbar; Topical	forty mg/1mL
Liquid	Epidural
Liquid	Infiltration	1 %
Ointment	Topical	50 mg/g
Aerosol	Oral; Topical
Spray	Topical	10 mg
Spray, metered	Oral	10 mg / act
Spray	Topical	forty mg / mL
Liquid	Topical	fifty mg / mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	xx mg / mL
Injection	Dental
Liquid	Epidural; Intracaudal	twenty mg / mL
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg / 5 mL
Liquid	Intravenous	200 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Periarticular; Perineural; Subcutaneous; Submucosal	10 mg/ml
Injection	Parenteral	x mg/ml
Spray, metered	Buccal
Aerosol	Topical
Aerosol, metered	Buccal
Spray	Topical	0.15 1000/100g
Ointment
Injection, solution	Intravenous	300 mg/30ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	50 mg/5ml
Aerosol, spray	Topical
Spray, metered	Topical
Foam	Topical	forty mg/1000mg
Cream	Topical	twenty mg/1000mg
Liquid	Topical	2.5 %
Solution	Topical	four.0 %
Powder	Intradermal	0.5 mg/ane
Gel	Topical	50 mg/1g
Patch	Topical	36 mg/1
Liquid	Dental
Solution		40 mg/1ml
Plaster	Transdermal	v %w/w
Solution		twenty mg/1ml
Solution		10 mg/1ml
Liquid	Auricular (otic)
Suppository	Topical
Pulverization
Cream	Topical	10 %w/west
Gel		2 %w/due west
Injection, solution		20 mg/1ml
Injection, solution		10 mg/1ml

Prices

Unit of measurement description	Cost	Unit
Rocephin 10 gm vial	478.32USD	each
Lidocaine HCl 3% Lotion 177ml Canteen	230.3USD	bottle
Rocephin two gm vial	97.5USD	each
Rocephin one gm vial	62.02USD	each
EMLA 2.5-2.5% Foam xxx gm Tube	58.4USD	tube
Lidocaine-Prilocaine two.5-2.5% Foam 30 gm Tube	47.79USD	tube
Lidocaine HCl 2% Gel 10ml Syringe	17.99USD	syringe
Lidocaine HCl 2% Gel 30ml Tube	17.99USD	tube
Lidocaine HCl 4% Solution 50ml Bottle	16.99USD	bottle
Lidocaine Viscous ii% Solution 100ml Bottle	thirteen.99USD	bottle
Lidocaine hcl 1% syringe	nine.76USD	ml
Lidocaine HCl four% Solution 4ml Bottle	ix.42USD	bottle
Lidoderm 1 Box = thirty Patches	eight.03USD	patch
Akten 3.5% drops	7.5USD	ml
Lidocaine 5% in d7.5w ampul	3.06USD	ml
Lidocaine 3% foam	2.91USD	g
Lidamantle three% cream	2.03USD	g
Zilactin-50 cold sore liquid	0.99USD	ml
Xylocaine 2% jelly	0.68USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl 10% vial	0.55USD	ml
Xylocaine v% ointment	0.42USD	g
Xylocaine Jelly ii % Jelly	0.41USD	g
Xylocaine ii% Solution	0.34USD	ml
Xylocaine 5 % Ointment	0.29USD	one thousand
Lidocaine HCl 1% Solution	0.24USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl powder	0.24USD	g
Lidocaine base powder	0.22USD	chiliad
Lidocaine hcl 4% solution	0.18USD	ml
Xylocaine 0.5% vial	0.18USD	ml
Lidodan v % Ointment	0.16USD	g
Xylocaine Viscous 2 % Liquid	0.1USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl 0.5% vial	0.08USD	ml
Solarcaine aerosol	0.06USD	k
Lidodan Pasty ii % Liquid	0.06USD	ml
Lidocaine 2% viscous solution	0.03USD	ml

DrugBank does non sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for advisory purposes simply.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Canonical	Expires (estimated)	Region
US5234957	No	1993-08-10	2011-02-27
US5827529	No	1998-x-27	2015-ten-27
US8540665	No	2013-09-24	2029-10-22
US6881200	No	2005-04-19	2016-06-xi
US6004286	No	1999-12-21	2017-03-17
US5899880	No	1999-05-04	2016-05-04
US6031007	No	2000-02-29	2017-04-01
US6629968	No	2003-ten-07	2020-06-30
US6635045	No	2003-x-21	2021-06-29
US6546281	No	2003-04-08	2015-07-28
US5658583	No	1997-08-19	2015-07-28
US6465006	No	2002-10-15	2015-07-28
US6465709	No	2002-10-15	2020-07-07
US6780426	No	2004-08-24	2015-07-28
US6306431	No	2001-10-23	2015-07-28
US5919479	No	1999-07-06	2015-07-28
US6528086	No	2003-03-04	2019-09-28
US8759401	No	2014-06-24	2026-07-24
US9370622	No	2016-06-21	2035-09-28
US9358338	No	2016-06-07	2035-04-27
US9283174	No	2016-03-15	2031-05-10
US9925264	No	2018-03-27	2031-05-10
US9931403	No	2018-04-03	2031-05-ten
US10350180	No	2019-07-sixteen	2031-01-xiv
US10603293	No	2020-03-31	2031-01-xiv
US10765640	No	2020-09-08	2031-05-10
US10765749	No	2020-09-08	2031-05-x
US10751305	No	2020-08-25	2031-01-14

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting betoken (°C)	68.v °C	PhysProp
humid signal (°C)	159-160 °C at 2.00E+00 mm Hg	PhysProp
h2o solubility	4100 mg/L (at 30 °C)	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP	2.44	AVDEEF,A (1997)
logS	-1.76	ADME Research, USCD
Caco2 permeability	-iv.21	ADME Research, USCD
pKa	viii.01	SANGSTER (1994)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
H2o Solubility	0.593 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	1.81	ALOGPS
logP	2.84	ChemAxon
logS	-2.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.78	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	seven.75	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	ii	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	32.34 Å2	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	v	ChemAxon
Refractivity	73.93 m3·mol-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	27.77 Å3	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Dominion of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-similar Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Mass Spec (NIST)

Download (seven.18 KB)

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Central
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Bachelor
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-38a47958df650b972703
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Non Bachelor
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Non Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-7a90fe8d9b35b745cfce
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-001i-0920000000-f9f648594c0f1642cc4c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0089-0900000000-5716ccc63e48696473bc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9d18ae1cd0a81ee63d35
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-83bc5908a67b3ba4b826
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-8090000000-e305bfb01d615662d8a1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-eab27554002663b2d3fd
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-1b684e31ff74300b808f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b39af34b526d79a4b07b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9466a1403df493f5b6e9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-c773b8e10c70518882c1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-8090000000-00b6d0139ebe20cdb189
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-0b33ce49934844438e43
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-502494c9626d1dca25d1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b39af34b526d79a4b07b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-86c007695ec40849f993
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-7f630b7fa4e36c59e0d2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9060000000-b5aef137d8e488097fc4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b21ee69ce889ba36b5e5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9d7555c18e41a90508a5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-3dd6e01da50ad1a66b2f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9230000000-577ea8a290877187b518
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-3f33ed4d35a979dbd732
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-343e9e6a26be64016b15
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-c1923c77757d099538dd
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9ff21e9bcf3f87f70774
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-eaebad6c7c4ce7832c9c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-2e21612ecf5a40923bb5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9050000000-930a3c8f94fdb363cc0f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-bc7800eef651a1a0ee2c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-a658a8aeac537602e1a7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-5a056c9766b47a19f0a2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-d649b0b05937216241a6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-6090000000-31a60a2cff302fde1ad8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9020000000-da68f84a1fd4a905c98c
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Targets

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Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yep

Actions

Inhibitor

General Part

Voltage-gated sodium channel action

Specific Function

Tetrodotoxin-resistant channel that mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acro...

Gene Name

SCN10A

Uniprot ID

Q9Y5Y9

Uniprot Name

Sodium aqueduct protein type 10 subunit alpha

Molecular Weight

220623.605 Da

References

1. Ekberg J, Jayamanne A, Vaughan CW, Aslan S, Thomas L, Mould J, Drinkwater R, Bakery Doc, Abrahamsen B, Wood JN, Adams DJ, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ: muO-conotoxin MrVIB selectively blocks Nav1.eight sensory neuron specific sodium channels and chronic pain beliefs without motor deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov seven;103(45):17030-5. Epub 2006 Oct 31. [Article]
2. Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium channel. J Gen Physiol. 2009 Jan;133(1):1-15. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 December 15. [Commodity]
3. Karoly R, Lenkey N, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or wearisome-inactivated land preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental report. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;6(vi):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Commodity]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activity

Yes

Deportment

Inhibitor

General Role

Voltage-gated sodium aqueduct activity

Specific Function

Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a...

Factor Proper name

SCN9A

Uniprot ID

Q15858

Uniprot Name

Sodium channel poly peptide type 9 subunit blastoff

Molecular Weight

226370.175 Da

References

1. Sheets PL, Jackson JO 2d, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD, Cummins TR: A Nav1.7 channel mutation associated with hereditary erythromelalgia contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and displays reduced lidocaine sensitivity. J Physiol. 2007 Jun fifteen;581(Pt iii):1019-31. Epub 2007 Apr 12. [Article]
2. Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium channel. J Gen Physiol. 2009 Jan;133(1):one-15. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [Article]
3. Karoly R, Lenkey North, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or boring-inactivated state preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental study. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;vi(half-dozen):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Article]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Inhibitor

General Office

Voltage-gated sodium aqueduct action involved in sa node cell action potential

Specific Function

This poly peptide mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Bold opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage deviation across the membrane, the pr...

Factor Proper noun

SCN5A

Uniprot ID

Q14524

Uniprot Proper name

Sodium channel poly peptide blazon 5 subunit alpha

Molecular Weight

226937.475 Da

References

1. Itoh H, Tsuji K, Sakaguchi T, Nagaoka I, Oka Y, Nakazawa Y, Yao T, Jo H, Ashihara T, Ito M, Horie M, Imoto Thousand: A paradoxical effect of lidocaine for the N406S mutation of SCN5A associated with Brugada syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 2007 Oct 18;121(3):239-48. Epub 2007 Apr 18. [Commodity]
2. Fedida D, Orth PM, Hesketh JC, Ezrin AM: The role of late I and antiarrhythmic drugs in EAD formation and termination in Purkinje fibers. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 May;17 Suppl ane:S71-S78. [Article]
3. Wallace CH, Baczko I, Jones L, Fercho Thou, Light PE: Inhibition of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels past grape polyphenols. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;149(half dozen):657-65. Epub 2006 Oct three. [Article]
4. Cerne A, Bergh C, Borg Chiliad, Ek I, Gejervall AL, Hillensjo T, Olofsson JI, Stener-Victorin E, Wood M, Westlander G: Pre-ovarian cake versus paracervical block for oocyte retrieval. Hum Reprod. 2006 November;21(11):2916-21. Epub 2006 Jul 13. [Article]
5. Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium channel. J Gen Physiol. 2009 January;133(ane):1-fifteen. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [Article]
6. Karoly R, Lenkey N, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or slow-inactivated state preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental study. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;6(6):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Article]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

Actions

Antagonist

General Function

Ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Specific Function

Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family unit and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TG...

Cistron Proper noun

EGFR

Uniprot ID

P00533

Uniprot Name

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Molecular Weight

134276.185 Da

References

1. Sakaguchi M, Kuroda Y, Hirose M: The antiproliferative effect of lidocaine on human tongue cancer cells with inhibition of the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor. Anesth Analg. 2006 Apr;102(iv):1103-vii. [Commodity]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

General Part

Voltage-gated sodium aqueduct activity

Specific Function

This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the pr...

Factor Name

SCN4A

Uniprot ID

P35499

Uniprot Proper noun

Sodium channel poly peptide type 4 subunit blastoff

Molecular Weight

208059.175 Da

References

1. Leuwer M, Haeseler G, Hecker H, Bufler J, Dengler R, Aronson JK: An improved model for the binding of lidocaine and structurally related local anaesthetics to fast-inactivated voltage-operated sodium channels, showing evidence of cooperativity. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(1):47-54. Epub 2003 Dec 8. [Article]

Kind

Poly peptide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

General Function

Not Available

Specific Function

Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...

Gene Proper noun

ORM1

Uniprot ID

P02763

Uniprot Name

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein ane

Molecular Weight

23511.38 Da

References

1. Herve F, Duche JC, d'Athis P, Marche C, Barre J, Tillement JP: Binding of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the two main genetic variants of man alpha i-acid glycoprotein: evidence for drug-binding differences between the variants and for the presence of two carve up drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Oct;6(v):403-15. [Article]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

General Function

Non Bachelor

Specific Function

Functions every bit transport protein in the claret stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and ava...

Factor Name

ORM2

Uniprot ID

P19652

Uniprot Name

Alpha-one-acid glycoprotein 2

Molecular Weight

23602.43 Da

References

1. Herve F, Duche JC, d'Athis P, Marche C, Barre J, Tillement JP: Bounden of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the 2 master genetic variants of man alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for drug-binding differences betwixt the variants and for the presence of two separate drug-binding sites on alpha one-acid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Oct;6(five):403-15. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind

Poly peptide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activity

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

General Function

Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity

Specific Role

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. Information technology performs a variety of oxidation react...

Gene Proper noun

CYP3A4

Uniprot ID

P08684

Uniprot Name

Cytochrome P450 3A4

Molecular Weight

57342.67 Da

References

1. Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Interest of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Article]
2. Zhang J, Zhu J, Yao X, Duan Y, Zhou X, Yang M, Li X: Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Metabolized past CYP3A4 in Chinese Han Volunteers Living at Low Altitude and in Native Han and Tibetan Chinese Volunteers Living at Loftier Altitude. Pharmacology. 2016;97(3-iv):107-13. doi: 10.1159/000443332. Epub 2016 Jan 6. [Article]
3. Mustajoki P, Mustajoki S, Rautio A, Arvela P, Pelkonen O: Effects of heme arginate on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of drugs in patients with variegate porphyria and in healthy men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Jul;56(1):9-thirteen. doi: x.1038/clpt.1994.94. [Commodity]
4. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

Inhibitor

General Role

Steroid hydroxylase action

Specific Part

Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...

Cistron Proper name

CYP2D6

Uniprot ID

P10635

Uniprot Proper name

Cytochrome P450 2D6

Molecular Weight

55768.94 Da

References

1. Masubuchi Y, Takahashii C, Fujio N, Horie T, Suzuki T, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Narimatsu S: Inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450 isozymes afterwards repetitive administration of imipramine in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Sep;23(9):999-1003. [Article]
2. Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine North-deethylation and three-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Article]
3. Flockhart Tabular array of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

Full general Function

Oxygen binding

Specific Function

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron ship pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...

Gene Proper name

CYP3A5

Uniprot ID

P20815

Uniprot Proper name

Cytochrome P450 3A5

Molecular Weight

57108.065 Da

References

1. Flockhart Tabular array of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Deportment

Substrate

Full general Function

Oxygen bounden

Specific Function

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron ship pathway. It oxidizes a diverseness of structurally united nations...

Factor Name

CYP3A7

Uniprot ID

P24462

Uniprot Proper name

Cytochrome P450 3A7

Molecular Weight

57525.03 Da

References

1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

Inhibitor

General Function

Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein equally ane donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Specific Office

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...

Gene Name

CYP1A2

Uniprot ID

P05177

Uniprot Proper name

Cytochrome P450 1A2

Molecular Weight

58293.76 Da

References

1. Wang B, Zhou SF: Constructed and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218. [Commodity]
2. Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Commodity]
3. Wei X, Dai R, Zhai Due south, Thummel KE, Friedman FK, Vestal RE: Inhibition of homo liver cytochrome P-450 1A2 by the class IB antiarrhythmics mexiletine, lidocaine, and tocainide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):853-8. [Article]
4. Orlando R, Piccoli P, De Martin S, Padrini R, Floreani Grand, Palatini P: Cytochrome P450 1A2 is a major determinant of lidocaine metabolism in vivo: effects of liver function. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jan;75(i):80-eight. doi: x.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.007. [Commodity]

Kind

Poly peptide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

General Function

Steroid hydroxylase activity

Specific Function

Cytochromes P450 are a grouping of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally united nations...

Gene Proper noun

CYP2C9

Uniprot ID

P11712

Uniprot Name

Cytochrome P450 2C9

Molecular Weight

55627.365 Da

References

1. Rendic S: Summary of data on homo CYP enzymes: homo P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(ane-2):83-448. [Article]
2. Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine North-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Article]

Kind

Poly peptide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

General Function

Steroid hydroxylase activity

Specific Function

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. Information technology oxidizes a variety of structurally un...

Gene Name

CYP2C8

Uniprot ID

P10632

Uniprot Name

Cytochrome P450 2C8

Molecular Weight

55824.275 Da

References

1. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

Deportment

Substrate

Full general Function

Steroid hydroxylase activity

Specific Function

Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can human action in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...

Gene Name

CYP2A6

Uniprot ID

P11509

Uniprot Proper name

Cytochrome P450 2A6

Molecular Weight

56501.005 Da

References

1. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: man P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(ane-ii):83-448. [Article]

Kind

Poly peptide

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activity

Unknown

Deportment

Substrate

General Function

Steroid hydroxylase activeness

Specific Function

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally united nations...

Factor Proper noun

CYP2B6

Uniprot ID

P20813

Uniprot Name

Cytochrome P450 2B6

Molecular Weight

56277.81 Da

References

1. Hedrich WD, Hassan HE, Wang H: Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;half dozen(v):413-425. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.016. Epub 2016 Aug 9. [Article]

Transporters

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological activeness

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

Full general Function

Symporter activity

Specific Function

Sodium-ion dependent, high analogousness carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with i molecule of carnitine. Besides transports organic true cat...

Factor Proper name

SLC22A5

Uniprot ID

O76082

Uniprot Name

Solute carrier family 22 member v

Molecular Weight

62751.08 Da

References

1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological prove for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 February;59(2):358-66. [Commodity]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Inhibitor

Full general Function

Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity

Specific Function

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.

Gene Name

ABCB1

Uniprot ID

P08183

Uniprot Name

Multidrug resistance protein 1

Molecular Weight

141477.255 Da

References

1. Wang Eastward, Lew Thou, Barecki M, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Quantitative distinctions of active site molecular recognition by P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Dec;14(12):1596-603. [Article]
2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi Yard, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar nineteen;315(4):942-nine. [Article]
3. Hu Y, Qin X, Cao H, Yu S, Feng J: Reversal furnishings of local anesthetics on P-glycoprotein-mediated cancer multidrug resistance. Anticancer Drugs. 2017 Mar;28(3):243-249. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000455. [Commodity]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 xiii:24 / Updated at March 02, 2022 15:01

cabanacket1994.blogspot.com

Source: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00281

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